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All You Need to Know About Vehicle Insurance

All You Need to Know About Vehicle Insurance

Insurance can be a complicated subject, but as it’s such a necessity it’s worth knowing how it works. Insurance can range from protecting your car, your health abroad, your belongings or your loved ones in case something happens to you. Insurance is a legal obligation that is a means of protection against financial loss. This extensive insurance guide focuses specifically on vehicle insurance. We cover all the questions you may have across the vehicle insurance process, from insurance rates to making a claim.

What is vehicle insurance

We all need vehicle insurance in order to legally be able to drive. Vehicle insurance ensures you are financially protected if an incident occurs, such as an accident or theft. It also protects you against any damage that might be caused to other people and their property. The different levels of vehicle insurance available are:
  • Third party only: Third party, fire and theft insurance only covers damage caused to other people. Anything that happens to yourself or your own vehicle is not protected, and you will be solely responsible.
  • Third party, fire and theft: Third party, fire and theft insurance protects other people and you, in the event of your vehicle getting stolen or catching fire.
  • Fully comprehensive: Fully comprehensive insurance covers all the above, plus any damages that occur to your car in an accident or any other incident.
You can get insurance yourself, or you can enlist the help of an insurance broker.

What is an insurance broker?

Insurance brokers are different to insurers as they don’t work directly for a specific company or offer the underlying insurance. Insurance brokers:
  • Build relationships with a panel of insurers to negotiate the best insurance rates
  • Use their close relationships with insurers to allow for one-to-one conversations – this is especially helpful for complex or niche requests
  • Provide an insurance policy that is branded by them, rather than the insurer
  • Deal with any problems on behalf of the customer, rather than the customer going straight to the insurer
  • May specialise in certain types of insurance
  • Do NOT pay out when a claim is made – the insurance company does this

What do insurance brokers do?

Insurance brokers work hard to find a tailored policy that meets your wants and needs. Whatever niche your needs may be, insurance brokers work with insurers to find the best policy they can. Insurance can be complicated and even daunting to some, so it’s the insurance broker’s job to use their expertise to make the process as easy and hassle-free as possible. Where there is a complex insurance need, insurance brokers will take up negotiations with insurers on your behalf. Insurance brokers will offer customers a panel of insurers, conveying their individual benefits, which means customers are more than satisfied that they’re getting the best deal. Insurance brokers have one-to-one relationships with insurers in the industry they specialise in, making sure that they get the best deal that covers everything you need.

Advised vs non-advised insurance

Some insurance providers work differently and provide either an advised, or non-advised sale. An advised sale means that the sales advisor or broker assesses your needs and recommends insurance companies and policies that meet them. They will also provide further recommendations that are tailored to your demands. A non-advised sale is one that only provides information about a policy. Non-advised sale providers will simply outline what their policy is, without any extra advice or recommendations. If you are looking for niche insurance and have specific needs, an advised sale is recommended.

How to get insurance

Purchasing insurance can be done in several ways:
  • Directly from an insurance company, either by calling them or purchasing online
  • Via an online comparison website (aggregator) which will compare the cost of insurance policies available from different providers, based on the information provided by you
  • Simply renewing your existing insurance policy
  • Through the help of an insurance broker
Whichever way you decide to purchase your insurance, there’s usually a standard process that you’ll have to go through. This begins with inputting all the relevant information, receiving a quote and then purchasing. There is usually the option to add extras on afterwards, such as break down cover. Insurance can be purchased in a matter of minutes; however, if you’re looking for more complex and tailored insurance, it may take longer.

Optional extras

The features included in an insurance policy may vary per insurer. If you want or need certain features, you may have to buy it as an optional extra. Check with your insurance broker to ensure you have all the features you want. Optional extras include:
  • Breakdown cover
  • Courtesy car
  • Replacement key cover
  • Legal protection
  • Driving abroad
  • Personal accident cover
Read your policy carefully to see exactly what it covers. If you want any optional extras, you will be able to add these on to the policy.

Insurance cooling-off period

Legally, insurance companies must offer a minimum of 14-days in which customers are able to cancel their policies if they change their mind. This cooling-off period either starts from when the cover begins or when documents are received, whichever is later. Some insurers do still apply an administration fee if you decide to cancel your cover within the cooling-off period. However, this fee is usually significantly less than if you were to cancel your insurance policy after 14-days. Some insurers also offer a longer cooling-off fee. If you’re unsure, it’s always worth checking your policy or asking your insurance broker how long your cooling-off period lasts for.

Insurance validation process

When taking out your insurance, you may have to have the policy validated. This is a simple process, and just means that you’ll need to give your insurance provider evidence of the information you gave as part of the quote process. This evidence is usually a driving license or no-claims discount evidence from your previous insurance provider. Sometimes, dishonest applicants provide false information which can lead to everybody’s premiums with that insurer becoming higher. Insurance validation is done to protect honest applicants and prevent this scenario from happening. It is also done to ensure that any genuine mistakes are cleared up while keeping those customers protected.

Mid-term cancellations

You can cancel your vehicle insurance mid-way through your policy, even if you have paid up-front. The first step is to tell your insurer or insurance broker that you would like to cancel. They are then likely to work out how much of a refund you are due – this depends on how many days you’ve been insured for, their company policy on cancellations, and their cancellation fee. If you pay your insurance monthly, simply cancelling your direct debit does not mean that you have cancelled your policy, and your insurer will still need to collect any unpaid premiums and associated fees. It’s important to contact your provider and get confirmation in writing. Cancelling won’t mean the end of your payments; as well as the cancellation fee, your provider may also charge a percentage of the total policy price.

Mid-term adjustments

If your personal situation changes in any way that may affect your insurance premium, you will need to make a mid-term adjustment. For example, a mid-term adjustment is necessary if you’d like to add a named driver to car insurance or if you’ve moved to a new house. A mid-term adjustment doesn’t necessarily mean that your premium will increase - it may decrease if your new situation is more favourable! However, insurers usually charge an administration fee for such changes. It’s also very important that you make these mid-term adjustments to your policy when your circumstances change because if you need to make a claim and haven’t informed your insurer about them, it may impact the ability to claim the money needed. You can make a mid-term adjustment by calling your insurer or insurance broker, or some companies provide an online service where you can make changes to your policy.

Renewing your insurance

Most insurance policies only cover you for a year, although you can get vehicle insurance for as little as seven days. When an annual insurance policy is coming up for renewal, you should expect to get a ‘renewal pack’ around 2-3 weeks before your policy is due to expire. This pack provides you with a new price with your current insurer, plus all relevant policy information. We also recommend setting a personal reminder too in case you miss it – sometimes emailed renewal packs may go into junk mail. This is important, as you will not be insured on your vehicle after the expiry date if you haven’t found a new policy. Some policies may automatically renew if you have opted in – this term is known as “auto-renew” and is available at the point of purchase. Your policy documents will tell you if you have opted into auto-renew. You can opt out of auto-renewal at any point, usually by calling your provider. If you’ve opted into auto-renewal but your details have changed, it’s important to let your insurer know, as your policy may not meet your current requirements anymore. This includes whether you’ve changed address, jobs, or want to alter who else can drive the car. Look at your current policy and if you notice that something is no longer correct or isn’t necessary, tell your provider. It’s likely that even if you haven’t claimed, the price of your insurance policy will rise each time it’s renewed. This is due to a mixture of things, ranging from the varying costs of raw materials to make a car, to increases in claims of vandalism or vehicle theft in your postcode. These factors may result in policies being more expensive. You may be able to negotiate a lower fee than the one proposed, but this is down to the insurance company’s discretion and isn’t guaranteed. NOTE – if you have documents that are due to expire during your policy (including any renewed policies), such as driving licenses, payment cards, passports etc., it’s important that you tell your provider when you update them. You may incur a charge if any information expires while your policy is active, so keeping your document details punctually up to date is important.

Insurance rates

Insurance rates differ from person to person for many reasons. Though sometimes they can be relatively cheap, other times you may find that your premiums are higher than desired. Many things can affect your insurance rates, but usually the higher the ‘risk’, the more expensive the premium.

Insurance risks

In insurance terms, a ‘risk’ refers to the likelihood of whether an event will occur that requires the insurers to pay out. Insurers assess each applicant’s circumstances and determine the potential risks they carry, and how much money these risks would cost them if an unfortunate event happens.

What are the risks that can affect insurance rates?

There are many ‘risk’ factors that can affect your insurance rates, though it can also depend on what you’re insuring. Age is often a prominent factor, as insurance companies base their rates on statistics. With car insurance, these statistics can suggest, for instance, that a younger driver poses more risk of being involved in an incident, but an older person is more likely to have a health problem arise while driving. As such, car insurance rates for these age groups are likely to be higher than those for a typical 35-year-old. Where you live, your job, what type of vehicle you drive and where you keep your vehicle are all factors that will affect your insurance one way or the other. For example, if you’re a racing car driver, you can expect to pay higher rates because of stereotypical connotations of the job, as well as certain statistics that suggest a racing car driver is more likely to claim.

Insurance payments

There are various steps that insurers must take when providing your insurance. Generally, your details are considered and then a quote is provided. When an applicant is happy with their provided insurance quote, they go on to pay the premium and sometimes an insurance validation is necessary. The details of each insurance payment type are as follows:

Insurance premiums

An insurance premium is simply the amount of money you will be charged for your vehicle insurance. Insurance premiums differ based on each individual and their circumstances. They can usually be paid annually, bi-annually or monthly. It’s worth keeping in mind that monthly payments are generally higher than if you were to pay everything upfront. You’ll effectively be taking out a loan and paying the insurer back over a course of a year, so you’ll pay interest on this “loan”. Credit checks are often taken out if you choose to pay monthly, and this can affect the interest amount.

No-claims discount

No claims discount (NCD) is a scheme that insurers use to reward drivers who have never made a claim on their insurance policies for a certain time period. The longer NCD a driver has, the more likely an insurer will class you as a ‘safe driver’, and because of this may receive lower car insurance premiums. For example, when you insure a car for the first time, you will have zero no claims discount and so your premium will be higher as your risk is unknown. If you continue to have no claims, you can build up significant NCD, which should see your insurance premiums lower than if you had claimed. If you make a claim, some or all your NCD will be lost. Some policies will have different guidelines, so it might be possible not to lose all your NCD. This will depend on your insurer and your policy. It is likely that if you make a claim, you will lose at least some of your NCD. You should also expect your premium to rise in the future.

Insurance claim process

The process of making an insurance claim can differ depending on your provider. However, there are general rules that apply to most circumstances. It is important to read any insurance policy properly to ensure that you fully understand what your rights are.

Making a claim

If an incident has occurred such as an accident, break in or theft, you will need to make a claim. You can do this by calling the number outlined on your insurance documents and this should be done as soon as you can, whether you were at fault or not. Firstly, if you’re involved in an accident, get medical help as soon as possible if you need to. Then, there are a few steps you can take that may aid your claim. Call the police, provide all the details and ask for a copy of their report. Take photographs at the scene, with any injuries and damage to all vehicles involved. Finally, getting the contact details of any witnesses may help your case if it goes to court. There are two different types of claims – a fault claim and a non-fault claim. In the instance of either, your insurance company needs to know.

What is a fault claim?

A fault claim is any instance that your insurer must pay out. A fault claim is made when: 
  1. You accept liability for the incident
  2. You were the only person involved, for example if you hit a bollard in a car park
  3. There is nobody else to accept liability, for example if your car is hit but the other driver left the scene
Unfortunately, this doesn’t ultimately mean that you were at fault, but if there is nobody else to pay any costs, this is still considered a fault claim. You can expect your insurance premium to rise if you have a fault claim. This is because you are now seen as a higher risk by the insurer, with more chance of making another claim in the future. You will need to disclose this claim when you renew your policy. If you don’t you’re likely to have an even higher premium as many providers will refer to a central database where claims data is held. In the instance of a fault claim, you will need to contact your insurance provider. They will then deal with the claim and make any pay-outs.

What is a non-fault claim

A non-fault claim is one where someone else (or their insurance company) accepts liability and is on-hand to make payments. Basically, if your insurance company hasn’t had to pay out, it is a non-fault claim. An example of a non-fault claim would be a car accident that wasn’t your fault and somebody else takes the blame, with their insurer paying for any damage. Drivers who make a non-fault claim may still see a rise in their insurance premiums. Even if a claim wasn’t your fault, insurers may still believe you’re more likely to make a claim in the future, compared to driver who have never claimed. If you’re involved in an incident but don’t want or need your insurer to cover any costs, it’s still vital to let them know about the incident for informational purposes. Sometimes, if any information isn’t relayed, it can affect claims and insurance premiums later down the line.

How to cancel insurance

There are numerous reasons that you may want to cancel your insurance – perhaps you’re selling your car or have found a better policy. If you’ve decided that you no longer want or need your policy after the 14-day cooling-off period, each insurance company deals with this decision differently. Depending on your policy, it is likely that you will be charged an administration fee as well as a cancellation fee. It’s worth noting that if there is the option of making any changes or cancellations online, this may make any administration fees cheaper. In some cases, such as if you’re cancelling motor insurance and have paid annually, you will be reimbursed for the time period you will not be insured for (minus the admin fee). For example, if you have paid £600 for annual car insurance but want to cancel half-way through the year, you will be refunded £300. If you’re thinking about cancelling your insurance, speak to your insurer or insurance broker to explore the best route in doing so.